Importance of Talk and Chalk Method of Teaching: Dental Students’ view in Preclinical Years

Introduction: New teaching techniques are emerging with increasing use of computer and advancement of technology. There is a dilemma in the minds of senior teachers whether to totally abandon traditional method of “talk and chalk” and use power point method for lecture delivery. It is important to know the students’ perception regarding their preference of the teaching method to help them to learn and score better.Methods: The opinion of first year dental students was sought in the classroom after one month of teaching physiology by different teachers using talk and chalk or power point method. A pretested questionnaire was used to collect the opinion of 400 students over the period of 8 years.Results: Majority (95%) students preferred the lecture by conventional “Talk and chalk” method over the power point presentation. About 15% were of the opinion that the teaching should be by conventional lecture by “talk and chalk” but diagrams should be shown by power point slides.Conclusion: The present study shows that for effective learning and teaching the conventional method of talk and chalk lectures should be combined wherever necessary with newer techniques like power point presentations

Topological invariance of integral Pontrjagin classes mod p

AbstractIt is proved that integral Pontrjagin classes Pk mod p are topological invariant if p is odd, k < n(p) and they are not topological invariant if k ⩾ n(p), where n(p) is the smallest value of k for which p divides ek and ek is the smallest positive integer such that ekpk is topological invariant. For example, pk mod p is topological invariant for p = 3, 5, 11 etc. for every k ⩾ 1 but not topological invariant for p = 7 and k ⩾ 2

ANTIFUNGAL POTENTIAL OF ETHANOL EXTRACTS OF ALLIUM SATIVUM AND ALLIUM AMPELOPRASUM

Objective: In vitro analysis of Allium sativum and Allium ampeloprasum was performed to evaluate their antifungal potential against Alternaria triticina (ITCC 5496), causative agent of leaf blight in wheat and Magnaporthe oryzae (ITCC 6808), causative agent of blast disease in rice.Methods: Ethanol extracts of A. ampeloprasum and A. sativum were prepared by crushing their bulb in liquid nitrogen and then immersing them in 90% ethanol and 100% ethanol separately. The antifungal activity test was determined by quantitative assay using 96-well microtiter plate and results were statistically analyzed using GraphPad Prism v. 5.03.Results: A. triticina and M. oryzae showed above 90% and 95% growth inhibition, respectively against the ethanol extracts of A. ampeloprasum. Conversely, growth inhibition of either fungus remained mostly below 35% against ethanol extracts of A. sativum at all tested concentrations.Conclusion: Ethanol extracts of A. ampeloprasum have relatively higher antifungal potential than ethanol extracts of A. sativum and could be considered as a natural alternative to chemical fungicides.Keywords: Allium sativum, Allium ampeloprasum, Alternaria triticina, Magnaporthe oryzae

Comparative study of medicinal plants on feeding behaviour of seven day old larvae of Tobacco caterpillar, Spodoptera litura (Fab.) and Bihar hairy caterpillar, Spilarctia obliqua (Walk.)

Eight medicinal plants viz., Sinduri, Bixa orellana (Bixaceae); Dalchini, Cinnamomum zelanicum (Lauraceae); Camphora, Cinnamomum camphora (Lauraceae); Gular, Ficus racemosa (Moraceae); Arjun, Terminalia arjuna (Combretaceae); Nagkesar, Messua ferrea (Calophyllaceae); Sarpgandha, Rauwolfia serpentina (Apocynaceae); Putranjeeva, Putranjeeva roxburghii (Euphorbiaceae) at 5% and 10 % concentrations were tested for the feeding against larvae of Spodoptera litura and Spilarctia obliqua. At 10% conc. C.camphora (hexane, diethyl ether, and acetone) was found extremely antifeedant against the larvae of both insects (S.litura and S.obliqua) while C.zeylanicum (hexane, diethyl ether, and acetone) and P.roxbughii (diethyl ether, and acetone), B.orellana (Acetone) showed extremely antifeedant activity only against the larvae of S.litura. At 5% concentration, the same plants were also effective against the larvae but their efficacy was less than at 10% concentration. The observation showed promising results with these plant extracts against the feeding and management of these two insect pests of agricultural importance

Single and Competitive Removal of Pb(II) in the Presence of Ni(II) using Polyacrylamide Grafted Rice Husk

In a quest to find efficient adsorbents for metal ions, studies on various adsorbents for metals have been of interest since the past several decades. The present study is focused on the removal of Pb (II) ions from aqueous solution using poly acrylamide grafted rice husk by batch studies. Industrial waste waters generally contain metals present as mixtures, therefore the effect of Ni (II) on the removal of Pb(II) from mixtures of Pb(II)+Ni(II) ions has also been investigated. The adsorbent has been prepared by the treatment of rice husk with acrylamide in the presence of N,N-methylene bis acrylamide and potassium persulphate. The adsorbent has been characterised by infrared spectral studies. Maximum adsorption obtained is 93% at pH 5, metal ion concentration 300mg/L in 180mins at 298K. Isotherm analyses show that both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models are best obeyed. The process is endothermic and spontaneous in nature and follows pseudo first order kinetics. Intraparticle diffusion also occurs but is not the rate determining step. Application of Langmuir competitive model for the binary system shows that&nbsp; adsorption of Pb(II) has been supressed by presence of Ni(II) ions. Studies suggest that the adsorbent is effective and can find industrial applicability

A study comparing non-gestational diabetes mellitus and gestational diabetes mellitus in antenatal patients in a tertiary care center

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus is defined as any glucose intolerance with the onset or first recognition during pregnancy. Objectives of this study were to diagnose cases of GDM by screening with DIPSI criteria at less than 28 weeks. And observation and comparison of maternal and perinatal outcome in women diagnosed of GDM in less than 20 weeks and at 24-28 weeks.Methods: This was the prospective analytical study conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynecology for one year in Muzaffarnagar medical college and Hospital. After history taking, clinical and obstetrics examination 1503 antenatal patients of less than 28 weeks were enrolled underwent screening with DIPSI criteria. Out of which 80 patients with abnormal OGTT of gestational age less than 20 weeks and 69 patients with abnormal OGTT of gestational age 24 -28 weeks.Results: In early diagnosed GDM group alive and healthy babies were slightly lower as compared with late diagnosed GDM group.Conclusions: The diagnosis of GDM gives us an opportunity in identifying individuals who will be benefitted by early therapeutic intervention with diet, exercise, and normalizing the weight to delay or prevent the onset of the disease

Slavlje božanskoga plesa: Kult Yoginī/ Ḍākinī u drevnom hinduizmu i budizmu

Music and dance have long been a component of the celebrations of the people of all nations and on all continents. Music and dance are also used as a method to transcend the profane and to experience ecstasy and bliss. The objective of this research is to analyse the “Divine Dancing Celebration” as practised in India and Tibet by including heroic and ecstatic dances that are believed to grant immortality; also included are the sculptural dynamics of rapturous dance which symbolizes transformation and happiness. The paper also looks at the iconography of some Yoginī/ Ḍākinī who represented the dancing cult and the symbolic meaning buried inside the icon in an effort to make a connection between dance and the cult of Yoginī/ Ḍākinī. Yoginī / Ḍākinī exhibit their bodies and faces, radiating youth and beauty while advocating for freedom from all social restrictions. The Yoginī is dressed in charnel ground jewellery and performs a dance in a field of decaying corpses. Her body is vividly colored and gives the impression of being formed of light; its transparency reveals a sparkling yet hollow nature. The interior of her body is a vast, limitless domain, which may also contain visions. The female force, which can occasionally be evil and may result in destruction and beheadings, is shown as a component of each element existing in the cosmos in the iconographies of the Yoginī. The significance of this research is that it demonstrates the importance of the Yoginī/ Ḍākinī cult in ancient and early medieval India and Tibet. Although this cult is still practised in some manner in South East Asia but not in India, it has lost its relevance and no longer is known to anyone in India. This study is an initial step in educating the general population on this prominent cult of Hinduism and Buddhism and its significance.Ples i glazba oduvijek su bili sastavni dio ljudskih slavlja u svim narodima i na svim kontinentima, kao i način nadilaženja profanoga i iskustva božanske ekstaze i ushićenja. Cilj je ovoga istraživanja raščlaniti “Slavlje božanskoga plesa” kako se prakticira u Indiji i Tibetu na način da se u analizu uključuju herojski i ekstatični plesovi koji mogu donijeti besmrtnost, kao i skulpturalna dinamika zanosnoga plesa, što simbolizira preobrazbu i sreću. U ovom radu autori također razmatraju ikonografiju nekolicine joginija i dakinija koje su predstavljale kult plesa, a i simbolično značenje skriveno u ikoni s ciljem da se uspostavi veza između plesa i kulta jogini/dakini. Joginiji i dakiniji pokazuju se svojim tijelima i licima te zrače mladošću i ljepotom, a istovremeno zagovaraju slobodu od svih društvenih ograničenja. Jogini je odjevena u nakit od ljudskih kostiju te izvodi ples u polju raspadajućih leševa. Tijelo joj je živo obojeno te ostavlja dojam da je od svjetla oblikovano. Prozirnost tijela otkriva blistavu ali šuplju narav. Unutrašnjost tijela je nepregledni prostor bez granica koji može i u sebi nositi viđenja. Ženska sila, koja može katkada biti zla i može završiti razaranjem i odrubljivanjem glava, prikazana je kao sastavni dio svakoga kozmičkoga elementa koji je prisutan u jogini ikonografijama. Znakovitost ovoga istraživanja može se prepoznati u tom što pokazuje važnost jogini/dakini kulta u drevnoj i ranoj srednjovjekovnoj Indiji i Tibetu. Iako se kult još uvijek prakticira na neki način u jugoistočnoj Aziji, ali ne i u Indiji, izgubio je na važnosti i nije više nikomu u Indiji poznat. Ova studija predstavlja početni korak prema poučavanju opće populacije o pitanju ovoga istaknutoga kulta hinduizma i budizma te ističe njegovu važnost

The Occupational Stress Women Teachers Towards Joint and Nuclear Society

Work is a central part of human life. It is the expression of the basic need to accomplish, to create, to feel satisfaction, and to feel meaningful. The rapidly changing nature of work has resulted in new and far-reaching mechanisms for management control in the form of monitoring, layoffs, and change in work rules, all of which contribute to increased levels of occupational stress. Although office work has always been stressful, several scientific studies and surveys have helped focus attention on the issue of job stress. Among the major negative effects of the job, stress is its impact on a person's self-image and self-esteem, which in turn, affects one's relationship with family, friends, and co-workers. The problems last far longer than the time we spend at work and are not easily left behind at the end of the day

A prospective study of immediate postpartum intra uterine device insertion in a tertiary level hospital

Background:In India there is an unmet need for contraception. Intrauterine device is a long acting reversible method. This study was done to determine the efficacy and safety of immediate Post-Partum Intrauterine Device (PPIUD) and to compare the outcome of PPIUD insertion after vaginal delivery and caesarean section.  Methods:A total of 113 women who underwent PPIUD insertion were followed up at 6 weeks and 6 months post-partum. Outcome in term of side effects, removal and expulsion was compared in vaginal delivery and caesarean section insertions.Results:In 61.45% women there was no complaint. Menstrual disturbances were found in 16.66% women and pelvic pain in 13.54% women. The expulsion rate was 5.20% and IUD removal was done in 13.54% women. Incidence of removal was more in vaginal insertions than in caesarean insertions and this difference was statistically significant. Continuation rate at 6 months was 81.25%.  Conclusion:Immediate postpartum IUD insertion is a safe, convenient and effective method

EVALUATION OF ANTIFUNGAL POTENTIAL OF ALLIUM AMPELOPRASUM AGAINST FUNGAL PHYTOPATHOGENS

Objective: Present study evaluates the antifungal potential of Allium ampeloprasum extracts against two phytopathogens of economic importance, namely Alternaria triticina and Magnaporthe oryzae which are found to be one of the greatest threats to wheat and rice crop worldwide.Methods: Four different organic solvents, i.e., water, methanol, acetone, and hexane were used for extract preparation based on the increasing order of polarity. Further, different concentrations of these extracts were used to perform a quantitative assay for measuring the antifungal activity of extracts. Two-way analysis of variance was used to statistically analyze the results through GraphPad Prism v. 7.00.Results: The best results were shown by water extracts with a maximum inhibition of 99.39±0.2% against A. triticina and 99.39±2.2% against M. oryzae. Water extracts gave minimal inhibitory concentration 90 values at 9.94 μg/mL against M. oryzae and at 16.73 μg/mL against A. triticina.Conclusion: Water extracts of A. ampeloprasum have relatively higher potential for being used as an antifungal agent as compared to other organic extracts used in this study. Further study on the chemical composition of A. ampeloprasum water extracts can reveal potent anti-phytopathogenic fungal compounds which can be used to develop biofungicides